Study Profolio, 4 Topics, 2500 words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Study Profolio, 4 Topics, 2500 words - Essay Example Mintzberg’s definition of strategy provides a comprehensive idea of organizational structures that are developed on various business strategies. He also provides a number of examples to verify his position on the inter-relation between these definitions of strategy. The organization is perceived as a collective mind whose behavior is regulated or described by the concept of strategy. Therefore, strategy formation focuses on understanding that collective mind. The issues of strategic management are dealt with more substantial account of first person experience in Rosenbluth. He elaborates management dilemmas with special reference to the hospitality industry, and gives a first hand detail of the management aspects of Rosenbluth Travel. Some of the common factors leading to slow growth of the company are: absence of teamwork, overvalued focus on customer, and so on. Rosenbluth offers a precise solution to undertake the management issues in airlines travel. Rosenbluth advocates the importance of technology in organizations. In the context of corporate travel, he suggests the requirement of computerized reservation system for comfortability and easy operability. Moreover, teamwork building is another important aspect that requires the attention of the management in an organization. Rosenbluth points out three most important components for the growth of an organization. The strategic management of the organization should focus on change, people and technology. In order to gain competitive advantage, the management should take care of the enthusiasm among its employees, the relevance of effective training as well as accessibility to more information. Among these factors, importance of employees should be more focused than that of the customers. Because the enthusiastic support of its staff directs the company to effective use of technology and consequential change(s) in the organization. Use of technology is

Apple Inc. and Wall Street Journal Essay Example for Free

Apple Inc. and Wall Street Journal Essay Apple has set the standard and has built a reputation around the world for creative, consumer-friendly, simple devices that are used around the world. They are marketed in such ways that demand for these gadgets are always in high demand. Apple’s innovations and marketing techniques have changed not only the phones and computers we use but their innovation has challenged people to do business outside of the box. For Apple not only have they gone outside the box, but literally outside of the country for the manufacturing of their products. 10 percent of the Apple IPhone is manufactured in the United States, the other 90 percent of the Apple IPhone is manufactured abroad. (Duhigg Bradsher, 2012). To make an IPhone requires hundreds of different parts and not all of these parts can be found all in one place. The advanced semiconductors of the phone are made in Germany and Taiwan, the memory pieces, display panels and circuitry are all from Korea and Taiwan, chipsets are from Europe and the rare metals are found from Africa and Asia. After the materials have been acquired they are sent to China mainly Foxconn City where they are manufactured. (Duhigg Bradsher, 2012). The unscratchable glass screen was perfected by Apple engineers in Kentucky and sent to Foxconn City where they are assembled.(Duhigg Bradsher, 2012). While 90 percent of the parts needed are found elsewhere the software and the marketing of that software in the phone is all American. (Duhigg Bradsher, 2012). Apple employs 43,000 people in the United States and 20,000 overseas, whereas they contract an additional 700,000 people from everywhere but the United States to engineer, build and assemble their gadgets. (Duhigg Bradsher, 2012). As Apple grew around the world the demand for their products simultaneously increased. Apple realized that their production was also going to have to grow and grow out of the United States to meet their expanded quota. The solution was outsourcing. Outsourcing has become the frequent thing to do in hundreds of industries including electronics. Almost all of the 70 million iPhones, 30 million iPads and 59 million other products Apple sold last year w ere manufactured overseas. (Duhigg Bradsher, 2012). When companies decide to outsource Asia always looks to be the best choice among the rest. The workers who are just barely trained are much cheaper, which keeps profits high when labor the main cost of production is kept to a minimum. In Apple’s case this was not their concern, what made Asia the place where Apple contracted Foxconn is  because of the speed of production and the magnitude of people that are trained and hired to work are unthinkable here in the United States. For the needed 208,700 people to work in assembly lines and over see production it has been estimated to take nine months to find that many qualified engineers in United States to work. In China, it took 15 days. (Duhigg Bradsher, 2012). Apple’s worldwide supply demand manager spoke on the subject and commented â€Å"What U.S. plant can find 3,000 people overnight and convince them to live in dorms?† For Apple to make the switch to Chinese workers from American workers was a critical advan tage in their company. (Duhigg Bradsher, 2012). Foxconn City was informally named a city because of the amount of people that works are equivalent to city. This facility employs 230,000 most of the workers spend six days a week working, and up to 12 hours of their day at that same plant. Many of the workers there are forced to live in company dorms where they make less than $17 day. (Duhigg Bradsher, 2012). However, Foxconn can provide companies, like Apple with the scale of people that are needed for efficient production of their gadgets. Since Foxconn has been successful they have opened dozens more of facilities that assemble an estimated 40 percent of the world’s consumer electronics. (Duhigg Bradsher, 2012). With production exceeding everywhere else in the world the consequence of having unseen high production output is also to have harsh and demanding working conditions for employees. Employees at Foxconn work extreme overtime hours, and live in crowded dorms. The owners of Foxconn and Apple have been criticized for these conditions and that underage workers have helped build these products.(Duhigg Barboza, 2012). They are also criticized for safety concerns of hazardous materials that are not disposed properly that eventually harm uneducated workers. The China Labor Watch (CLW) found â€Å"a variety of dangerous working conditions, as well as unfair calculations of work time, low basic wages that compel acceptance of large amounts of overtime in order to have adequate income on which to live, very high work intensity, and failure to pay for social insurance, work-related injury insurance and other insurance required by law.† (Lubman, 2012). Codes of conduct were set by Apple and the CLW in place to help balance working conditions and employees rights. These policies are frequently inspected but are found to be seriously violated on a daily basis.(Duhigg Barboza, 2012). The criticism and investigations of Foxconn  have led them to improve conditions; they plan on improving conditions by hiring more new workers, eliminating unpaid overtime, improving safety, and to upgrade housing and other amenities. (Gupta Chan, 2012). Foxconn said it was â€Å"going to raise salaries by 16 to 25 percent, and was advertising a basic monthly wage, not including overtime, of 1,800 yuan ($290) in the southern city of Shenzhen, Guangdong province where the monthly minimum wage is 1,500 yuan.† (Duhigg Barboza, 2012). Foxconn also alleged to building new housing where multiple workers do not have to cram into a room, and help their workers enroll in union type of structures. As these promises seem hopeful they have not been yet effective. Chen Yamei, 25, who has works at a Foxconn factory, complained that her salary will drop to just over 2,000 yuan a month ($317) from over 4,000 yuan. (Duhigg Barboza, 2012).Which is the complete opposite of what was promised, and shows that the investigations just highlighted the problems of oversea manufacturing companies that without fixing them. Urbanization normally generates more economically productive work, compared to rural areas. The skills needed to survive in an urban area are different, also getting paid for these skills are an increase to rural pay. ( Areddy, Davis, Page 2012). With more people living in an urban center this naturally causes a demand for new housing and buildings. Therefore, an increase in the urban cities would create more jobs an d better pay for people and this could lead to people less likely to work at companies like Foxconn, and utilize their skills somewhere else with a more competitive pay. The urbanization of China not only will open up more cities and jobs and such, but it will change the way that this generation thinks and works. The new generation of workers is less tolerant of the rigid military management style that was used on their parents and grandparents. ( Mozur, 2012). As jobs grow in China, young workers will pick and choose their jobs. This complicates the situation at Foxconn because the newer generation will challenge the manufacturing company and the government to meet the large expectations that will only continue to grow. The younger workers want to work more independently, employees 24 and under desire jobs where they don’t live paycheck to paycheck and can afford to save money for the future. ( Mozur, 2012). Being independent or an entrepreneur, living in a big city where there are more opportunities, not depending on working at a company like Foxconn where you  are told what to do and where to sleep every day. No I do not think it is proba ble to manufacture IPhones and IPods in the United States. Figuring out space, resources, and labor would cost a fortune even before production. While in China they have warehouses already built to accommodate production, with free samples of products, employees available 24 hours a day and free engineering offered. (Duhigg Bradsher, 2012). As a business executive the smart choice for your company would be to move your supply chain to the most efficient place possible. â€Å"The entire supply chain is in China now,† said another former high-ranking Apple executive. â€Å"You need a thousand rubber gaskets? That’s the factory next door. You need a million screws? That factory is a block away. You need that screw made a little bit different? It will take three hours.† (Duhigg Bradsher, 2012). The production that can be done overseas could not be matched here in the United States in the same amount of time, this is why manufacturing in the United States would not benefit Apple as much as it does in China. I don’t believe that companies have an obligation to support American workers. CEOs want to maximize profits, and continue to be competitive around the world, so the most logical thing to maximize profits is lower costs. Labor is a huge cost. The U.S. is a world leader not because Americans are more intelligent than everyone else on earth, but because we have a free market and a free market inspires people to innovate which help American companies to stay a competitive power around the world. It hurts some people’s jobs but for a short term. Globalization needs to happen to thrive, limiting outsourcing inhibits growth, and jobs cannot be made without growth. Acquire new and better skills or perish. Competition needs to continue for growth in jobs, not an entitlement to a job just because you’re American. References: How the U.S. Lost Out on iPhone Work by Charles Duhigg and Keith Bradsher from The New York Times, January 22, 2012, pp. A1 and A22-A23 ( ONLINE version dated January 21, 2012) â€Å"In China, Human Costs are Built Into an iPad† by Charles Duhigg and David Barboza, The New York Times, January 25, 2012 Apple Contractor Ho Hai Says it Hired Underage Workers by Paul Mozur, The Wall Street Journal, October 16, 2012 (also see version printed on October 17, 2012 Foxconn Factory in China Used 14-Year-Old Workers) Working Conditions: The Persistence of Problems in Chinas Factories by Stanley Lubman, The Wall Street Journal, September 25, 2012 â€Å"Apple, Foxconn set new standard for Chinese workers† by Poorima Gupta and Edwin Chan Reuters, March 30, 2012 â€Å"China Population Balance Tilts Urban† by Jeremy Page and Bob Davis, The Wall Street Journal, January 18, 2012, p A10 New Labor Attitudes Fed Into China Riot by Paul Mazor, The Wall Street Journal, September 26 (or 27), 2012

Play And Creativity In The Curriculum

Play And Creativity In The Curriculum Some have argued that play is childrens work but I would say that it is far more than this. Play is their self-actualisation, a holistic exploration of who and what they are and know and of who and what they might become. (Broadhead 2004, p. 89) Since nineteen century, learning has been constructed and reconstructed within the frameworks of three main theoretical perspectives, whether understood as adult-led process, child-led individual process of discovering knowledge, or socially constructed experience. This essay will discuss in depth the contribution of play and creativity to young childrens well-being and improving childrens lives; what is play and creativity and why they are important; the three theories or instructions versus exploration are fundamentally diverse in their understanding about the development of childrens cognition and application in learning environment, yet their persistence in contemporary school system is evident. An evaluation of the intervention of different theories will be based on the important work of Skinner, Piaget, Vigotsky etc. and different curriculum developed and used all over the world as TeWhaariki, Reggio Emilia and Early Years Foundation Stage. This essay underlines the importance of play and creativity of young children in their early years, considering historical point of view, theoretical and examples from own experience, practice and observations. Within western societies, the optimal conditions for early learning are frequently viewed as environments where play, both unstructured and structured, adult-led and child-led, solitary and social, provides the majority of the learning opportunities (Wood 2010). In the last century theories of play replaced or developed earlier learning theories and previous ways of thinking. Ideas taken of psychologists like Piaget, Vygotsky and Bruner have lead to create educational framework and curriculum, as the High/Scope curriculum developed from the US Head Start project in the 1960s (Schweinhart and Weikart 2003), and the Te Whaariki curriculum developed by the New Zealand government in the 1990s (Ministry of Education 1996) . the last decade the Foundation Stage was introduced in England and Wales (QCA 2000) where play has been described as the key way in which children learn. Recently, the findings of the EPPE project (Sylva et al 2004) made practitioners thinking how to get the right balance into the curriculu. The main object is how to implement potentially instructive play activities which need to be supported by effective adult interactions into the learning process. In the meanwhile the debate on the value and nature of play for young childre n and for their development continues. The benefits of play for children and young peoples physical, intellectual, social and emotional wellbeing are no longer questioned. The Early Years Foundation Stage stands up behind this philosophy which we can see from the Appendix 1. Play is innate. Childhood play is an instinct that is pleasant and important when we look at the learning and development of young children (see Appendix 2). Play is different and flexible. Often we cannot use terms as right or wrong way when consider play. There are enormous ranges of different types of play. They can be active or subdued; they could involve imagination or exploration. Furthermore play could involve others or carried out alone. The essence of play is best described perhaps with the 12 Principles of play (Bruce, 2011). Those principles underline any present playwork practice which we could describe as good practice. Play is a process that is freely chosen, personally motivated and directed. Children and young people rule and control the meaning and fulfill of their own play, by listening their own instincts, ideas and interests. This is done in childrens own way for their own purposes and reasons. All children and young people need to play. The impulse to play is innate. Play is a biological, psychological and social necessity, and is fundamental to the healthy development and wellbeing of individuals and communities. (Gleave, 2012) Recent research shows that to be able to respond and function effectively in our complex society requires interactions with others. Those interactions need to be managed actively (Sawyer et al., 1997). In addition one of the beliefs which is used in therapeutic play is that imaginative play affect the aggression levels and promote emotional intelligence as state by Holland (2003). Furthermore, the more play is cooperative, the more children might connect with/or understand other childrens knowledge. This understanding is underpinned with their respond and emotional engagement with the surrounding environment. Interactions like those will increase childrens understanding of other childrens perspectives. They can become experts for one another, scaffolding their own and their peers learning experiences. When children interact with peers they are more creative, the dialogue they build with each other or the play is like a practise to reality and helps them develop social skills. Their learning and creativity is stronger than when an adult tells then what to do, or leads them to a game, there is not as much personal/inner involvement when its adult led. Recently observations try to focus more on play between children, not on their interactions with adults. This is to recognise that into communication with peers which are equally engaged, exist the potential to improve childrens learning development. It will arise along their actions and interaction. As an example see Appendix 2. Often play goes hand by hand with creativity. As a concept creativity has been vastly researched for more than fifty years, and they still remain disagreements what creativity is and how it develops (Lynch Harris, 2001). Part of researches underline that creativity involves process of flexible thinking and being original, also problem solving and being capable to redefine and elaborate (Meador, 1997). The other part of researchers point to personal characteristic which could help some individuals to become more creative, for example tolerance for uncertainty, willingness to overcome obstacles, openness to growth, possession of personal motivation, acceptance of sensible risk-taking, wanting to be recognized, and willingness to strive for such recognition (see Sternberg, as cited in Lynch Harris, 2001). Moreover, others support the thinking that people cannot be generally creative in all areas but more often into specific fields, as art, machinery or woodwork (see Gardner, as cited in Lynch Harris, 2001). The cultivation of creativity is a base on which programs and strategies are produced for positive outcomes and underpin the well being of young children. Such programs which include creative problem-solving skills help children to become successful adults. Adults who will question the accuracy of information and put this information into constructive use (see Todd Shinzato, as cited in Brockman,2012). Moreover, Sautter (1994) suggests that children being involved in creative activities improve their motivation. Practitioners in the mental health field discovered that creative activities can be used to protect children from stress (see Honig, as cited in Brockman). Creative thinking allows both young people and adults to avoid boredom, resolve personal conflict, cope with increasing consumer choice, accept complexity and ambiguity, make independent judgments, use leisure time constructively, and adjust to the rapid development of new knowledge (Strom, 2000, p. 59).Furthermore, in our century we are witnesses of rapid scientific and technological development, so people need to be inventive and flexible. Therefore, in order to keep up with nowadays accelerating developments, it is important for adolescents to be creative thinkers (see Fryer, as cited in Brockman). In addition to the above, the study Trough a different lens by Meynard (2010) shows that moving away from a subject-centered approached, particularly when they are prescribed outcomes in the Framework, towards child-led learning and play, may be extremely challenging for the practitioners. The project is based on Reggio Emilia pedagogy. While in England and Wales early years education policy appears to have shifted direction in relation to curriculum, pedagogy and underpinning theories of learning, by contrast the infant and toddler centres of the municipality of Reggio Emilia are rooted in a coherent, well-defined theory of knowledge which resonates with sociocultural principles. In the Reggio Emilia approach it is important the collaboration between all participants. They believe that young children symbolically represent their ideas through, for example, drawing, painting, dance, singing, speaking, mime and play. Instead of curriculum lead activities, organic projects are used as a vehicle for learning. However, having used to lead childrens play, the practitioners found it hard to not interrupt and their believes challenged. One of the teachers states: Children who I initially thought of as low ability, fidgety boys I now feel have fantastic problem solving skills à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ this approach has made me question what I thought was a bright child and has turned on its head how I rate the children in my class. From the above study is evident the influence of different approaches have on the adults role in relation to childrens play. For example learning for behaviourism is adult-led, emphasising on the external environmental influences on learning and outcome focused; the most effective teaching technique in class room in the sixties and seventies was the programmed instruction, an operant conditioning method developed by Skinner in a behaviourist fashion which went in four steps. Giving a task to perform in their play, observing the child, if incorrect repeat again in an easier manner, if correct reward. This processes lacks imagination of the activity, leads children to understand learning as a stressful experience and create anxiety which in turn interferes with school performance and social and psychological development.(Gavrielle L.2008). Although Skinner acknowledged children need to explore knowledge for themselves and that creativity is born within social interaction, it was not until the constructivist theory of Jean Piaget (1896-1980) when society and school acknowledge the need for children to explore knowledge for themselves. In contrast to behaviourist believes, Jean Piaget argued learning happens inside the child, should be child-led, with little if no emphasis on teaching. According to Piaget instructions were the inhibition for exploration. In a computational study, Bonawitz and colleges compared the outcomes of play with a same toy given by an experimenter in two conditions. In the first condition children were instruct how to use it, and in the second they were just given the toy to play with. The results of this study show significant differences between the times children of both conditions played with it. Also, the toy had more features then the one shown by the experimenter and the children in the sec ond condition seems to show higher exploration in contrast to the first. (Bonawitz E., et al, 2010). In a contrast, Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) was the one to outline the importance of some adult guidance in childrens development; introducing Zone of Proximal development (ZPD) as the difference between what the child can not do by himself and what he can achieve with help from more able adult/peer; an adult-led theory in which the teaching and assisted performances were the key for successful development. In conclusion, the importance of how play is used to encourage creativity was outlined; the implication of the above theories is evident in the present educational curriculum. The frameworks influenced by Piaget discovery learning theory have been revolutionary for educational practices. The above examples show the importance to find the right balance between adult and child-led play and creativity which are fundamental for childrens learning and development.

Portrayal of Asian Americans in the Media Essay -- Stereotyping Asian

Abstract My research focused on the coverage of Asian Americans in contemporary mass media. The following types of media were researched:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Music  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Television  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Films  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Magazines I gave several examples where Asian Americans were used to play very simple characters. These roles were defined by stereotypes that exist in America. I also researched instances on counter actions taken by Asian Americans to protest against these negative images. My research also has examples of Asians that have succeeded in breaking through the racial barriers in the media. The results show that even though racial stereotyping still exists in various forms of mass media, there are signs that show noticeable improvement on allowing a more balanced image of Asian Americans. Statement of the Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are close to 12 million Asian Americans living in the United States (U.S. Asian, 2000). Asian Americans are considered one of the fastest growing minorities (Pimentel, 2001). Between 1990 and 1999, the Asian population rose 43% (Census, 2000). However, Asian Americans are still portrayed in a simplistic manner by the American media, which in turn, promotes stereotyping. I have researched various types of mass media in the United States, such as: music, films, television and magazines. I will focus on several examples where Asian Americans are portrayed in a negative way. Furthermore, I will give examples of musicians, and independent films that prove Asian Americans have potential on what they can contribute to in the American media. Finally, I will recommend different ways to rid the stereotype put on Asian Americans by actions that can be taken, not only pertaining to Asians, but to other ethnicities that face stereotypes on their culture. Background History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Music in every country has a history going back hundreds of years. It is an excellent type of entertainment that any person can enjoy. America being such a diverse country, any person regardless of race or gender needs to be given a fair shot in an opportunity to showcase his or her talent. However, there is a lack of Asians Americans represented in America. Asian Americans must go above and beyond on what is expected in the industry, compared to white and black Americans who seem to have it much easier. â€Å"Always, it is the Asian who assimilates, who must explain his or her prese... ...ty in televised international athletic events.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (1995). Retrieved December 9, 2004 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.aafla.org/9arr/ResearchReports/ResearchReport4.htm Restrictive portrayals of asians in the media and how to balance them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (2004). Retrieved December 9, 2004 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.manaa.org/articles/stereo.html Thoughts on William Hung’s Inspiration. (2004, April 28).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Retrieved December 9, 2004 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://modelminority.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=760 U.S. Asian Population. (2000). Retrieved December 15, 2004 from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://print.infoplease.com/ipa/A0778584.html Wartofsky, A. (2004, December 1). Asian-American rapper isn’t downplaying heritage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Wichita Eagle. Retrieved December 15, 2004, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.kansas.com/mld/kansas/entertainment/10306249.htm Wu, F. H. (2002). Yellow: race in america beyond black and white. New York: Basic   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Books. Xu, R. (2004 April, 19). Details magazine sparks protest. The Harvard Crimson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Retrieved December 16, 2004, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=358868 Zia, H. (2000). Asian american dreams. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Rational Choice Theory

In game theory, bounded rationality is a concept based on the fact that rationality of individuals is limited by the information they have, the cognitive limitations of their minds, and the finite amount of time they have to make decisions. This contrasts with the concept of rationality as optimization. Another way to look at bounded rationality is that, because decision-makers lack the ability and resources to arrive at the optimal solution, they instead apply their rationality only after having greatly simplified the choices available.Thus the decision-maker is a satisficer, one seeking a satisfactory solution rather than the optimal one. Some models of human behavior in the social sciences assume that humans can be reasonably approximated or described as â€Å"rational† entities (see for example rational choice theory). Many economics models assume that people are on average rational, and can in large enough quantities be approximated to act according to their preferences.T he concept of bounded rationality revises this assumption to account for the fact that perfectly rational decisions are often not feasible in practice due to the finite computational resources available for making them. [edit] Models of bounded rationality The term is thought to have been coined by Herbert Simon. In Models of Man, Simon points out that most people are only partly rational, and are in fact emotional/irrational in the remaining part of their actions.In another work, he states â€Å"boundedly rational agents experience limits in formulating and solving complex problems and in processing (receiving, storing, retrieving, transmitting) information† (Williamson, p. 553, citing Simon). Simon describes a number of dimensions along which â€Å"classical† models of rationality can be made somewhat more realistic, while sticking within the vein of fairly rigorous formalization. These include: limiting what sorts of utility functions there might be.recognizing the costs of gathering and processing information. the possibility of having a â€Å"vector† or â€Å"multi-valued† utility function. Simon suggests that economic agents employ the use of heuristics to make decisions rather than a strict rigid rule of optimization. They do this because of the complexity of the situation, and their inability to process and compute the expected utility of every alternative action. Deliberation costs might be high and there are often other, concurrent economic activities also requiring decisions.Daniel Kahneman proposes bounded rationality as a model to overcome some of the limitations of the rational-agent models in economic literature. As decision makers have to make decisions about how and when to decide, Ariel Rubinstein proposed to model bounded rationality by explicitly specifying decision-making procedures. This puts the study of decision procedures on the research agenda. Gerd Gigerenzer argues that most decision theorists who have di scussed bounded rationality have not really followed Simon's ideas about it.Rather, they have either considered how people's decisions might be made sub-optimal by the limitations of human rationality, or have constructed elaborate optimising models of how people might cope with their inability to optimize. Gigerenzer instead proposes to examine simple alternatives to a full rationality analysis as a mechanism for decision making, and he and his colleagues have shown that such simple heuristics frequently lead to better decisions than the theoretically optimal procedure.From a computational point of view, decision procedures can be encoded in algorithms and heuristics. Edward Tsang argues that the effective rationality of an agent is determined by its computational intelligence. Everything else being equal, an agent that has better algorithms and heuristics could make â€Å"more rational† (more optimal) decisions than one that has poorer heuristics and algorithms.

Israek essays

Israek essays Anlisis Histrico de Israel. Israel tiene una historia muy extensa, rica, compleja y supremamente conflictiva. A lo largo de todo el proceso histrico de conformacin del actual Estado de Israel, el territorio y regin, ms conocida como Palestina, ha sido objeto de constantes disputas, bien sea por su ubicacin estratgica, o por la proliferacin del conflicto arabe-israeli. Lo que ha caracterizado a esta regin, es que ha estado expuesta a continuos movimientos migratorios, que comenzaron hacia el an ha sido ampliamente influenciada y gobernada por muchos poderes extranjeros: Asirios, babilonios, persas, griegos, romanos, bizantinos, rabes, cruzados, mamelucos, turcos otomanos y britnicos. A pesar de estos continuos cambios de gobierno, que traen consigo, nuevas costumbres, nuevos habitantes, nuevas ideologà ­as, se mantuvieron en el exilio la identidad nacional y religiosa de los judà ­os, la religin pues, ha sido uno de los lazos principales, que ha logrado mantener una identidad propia a lo largo de todos los siglos, pero igualmente y en mi concepto, la religin no fue (en un comienzo) la causa y motivo fundamental de la situacin actual de violencia y conflicto que se vive al interior del Estado de Israel, las causas van ms all. La polà ­tica neocolonial se encarg de provocar el enfrentamiento de dos comunidades que histricamente habà ­an convivido en el mismo territorio sin encausarse en grandes luchas y contiendas. Tal vez, hasta el siglo XIX, esa convivencia fue un perfecto ejemplo de tolerancia, que cambio gracias a las polà ­ticas mencionadas a...

Fine Art Personal Statement Essays

Fine Art Personal Statement Essays Fine Art Personal Statement Essay Fine Art Personal Statement Essay An artist seeking a fine art degree from a reputed college has to write a fine art personal statement, which is recognized as the important part of the admission test. This type of statement usually focuses on the applicant’s fine art’s skills, future goals, character, qualities, performance (academic or professional) and experience. Oftentimes it is observed that a college personal statement is often confused with an artist’s statement. The personal statement is much more detailed than the artist’s statement, which is used only as a marketing tool by the artist. Nonetheless, if you are applying for a fine art Degree and you don’t know how to write this statement then you have come at the right place. This article will discuss some basic tips which if properly implemented will certainly make your fine art personal statement not only convincing but also appealing. Things to Do Before Writing The first and foremost thing is to do a little brainstorming and coming up with ideas that will make up an appealing personal statement. Recall some life experiences that have either inspired you to study fine arts or have improved your fine art’s skills. List down those experiences or inspiration as you will need to describe them in the statement, briefly. Pen down your interests that have developed your art’s skills. List down some activities that help you in improving your knowledge of this field and help you learn more about it for instance reading art’s magazines, posts, online how-to articles, etc. Also mention your involvement in an online community of fine arts. This will show them how dedicated you are in studying this field and how determined you are to taking your skills to the next level. Consider any inconsistencies that you have had in your academic performance. Tell them what obstacles caused them. Fine Art Personal Statement Go through the list of specifications before starting the work. Start the statement’s introduction with an appealing opening and in a compelling tone. A fascinating statement, a fact or an interesting quote about the art can help you seize the attention of the reader. Discuss your academic background in the body of the fine art statement. Discuss any internship that you have done in any art related word. List down the advance courses that you have done from non-accredited institutes. List down those interests that are outside the realm of fine arts such as horse riding, hand-crafting, reading horror or fantasy novels, swimming, etc. Wrap up the fine art personal statement with a conclusion. In a conclusion paragraph, you will first have to reiterate the character, traits, interests or qualities that you have explained above and conclude your statement with discussing your future goals and what you hope to accomplish as an artist. Finally, after completing the statement proofread the entire statement once again. Ask someone like a friend or a professor of your school to read the statement and give their honest feedback. Consider their feedback and polish the quality of your statement. :

The Will To Power Essays - Friedrich Nietzsche, Will To Power

The Will To Power Essays - Friedrich Nietzsche, Will To Power the Will to Power In the Will to Power, Nietzsche claims: The will to power interprets (-it is a question of interpretation when an organ is constructed): it defines limits, determines degrees, variations of power. Mere variations of power could not feel themselves to be such: there must be present something that wants to grow and interprets the value of whatever else wants to grow. Equal in that- In fact, interpretation is itself a means of becoming master of something. (The organic process constantly presupposes interpretations.) Part I of this paper unpacks this passage concerning the nature of interpretation to reach the crux of Nietzsche's argument. Part II then contextualizes this argument with respect to his claims regarding perspectivism and interpretation. Finally Part III raises the most plausible critique of Nietzsche's claim of perspectivism as possible responses by Nietzsche in his defense. I. Analysis In the passage above, Nietzsche claims that it is not human beings which interpret, but rather, it is "the will to power [that] interprets." As discussed in lecture, the organic process which presupposes interpretation is essentially the very process of adaptation by which an organism tries to fit itself into its environment and to other species around it, such as its predators and its prey. This process is a way in which the organism physiologically interprets the world. So interaction is the fundamental phenomenon of the forces that make up the will to power and these interactions in so far as they are systematically centered around a particular center of power, can be called a perspective or interpretation which that center of force gives of its surrounding environment. And what we think of as this specifically human interpretation is only the conscious psychological realization of this much more fundamental law of nature. Thus it is the will to power that interpreter! s, and it does so by appropriating, that is, knowledge is a process of appropriation. To understand what Nietzsche means by appropriation here, we can look to section 515 where he states "not 'to know' but to schematize-to impose upon chaos as much regularity and for as our practical needs require." In this statement, Nietzsche claims that interpretation is "to impose upon chaos as much regularity and form as our practical needs require." So for the plant, or some animal that preys on its environment, they will distinguish only between things that are useful and that which is not useful to the individual. The predator has no sense of distinction between this or that individual fly; one fly is all the same because it is simply food. However, in treating these different bits of prey as equal, it schematizes and organizes, and simplifies the world for itself. That is, once we start to recognize them as equal-this is the same as that-we begin to categorize them accordingly. ! Sluga illustrates how as human beings we say: "that this person which I just met a couple days ago is still the same person, although he has changed in slight ways, maybe he was wearing a cap back then." As human beings, we recognize there is a difference, but the difference is not important to us. In this process of equalization, man imposes schema and order on the world; and that is really the nature of interpretation and the will to power. II Contextualization of Nietzsche's Argument Having completed my analysis of Nietzsche's discussion in section 643, I would now like to move on to contextualize the implications of this claim with respect to perspectivism. To begin, section 636 we see how Nietzsche connects the concepts of perspective and interpretation with the concept of the will to power. According to Nietzsche, Physicists believe in a "true world" in their own fashion: a firm systematization of atoms in necessary motion, the same for all beings-so for them the "apparent world" is reduced to the side of universal and universally necessary being which is accessible to every being in its own way (accessible and also already adapted- made "subjective"). Physicist, in other words, are inclined towards a kind of metaphysics which says that there is a true reality different from the way it looks to us, namely, for physicist, it is the reality of atoms and their

The Triple Bottom Line Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Triple Bottom Line - Assignment Example This is however having a negative effect on performance at the corporate level because the company does very little to focus on environmental sustainability and social justice. This makes it difficult to have stakeholder goodwill because corporate ratings of the company are very low. The use of the TBL measurement system would also come with some short term consequences for the organization. The first of such short term consequences have to do with increase in the company’s budgetary expenditure. This is because to get the full potential of TBL measurement system, it is important to institutionalize it in the company and ensure that every needed resource that makes its implementation successful is apportioned (Slaper & Hall, 2011). Such rise in expenditure may come as a result of the need to set up a new TBL monitoring team or department. Another short term consequence would be possible organizational friction that would come as a result of changes in the organizational culture of the company. Such changes in organizational culture would have to come to ensure that aspects of environmental sustainability and social justice are incorporated into the activities of the company (Shrivastava & Berger, 2010). There are also long term consequences of using TBL measurement system. These long term consequences would however be seen as yields from the short term consequences. The first of such long term consequences would be improved corporate returns for the company. These corporate returns can be measured not only in terms of financial growth but also in terms of sustainability and social justice. Indeed companies that have such hopes for sustainability and social justice are always guaranteed to have lesser legal issues with its in-house and external stakeholders such as employees and suppliers. This is because by the use of the TBL measurement system, the

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Case Study - Essay Example The term Sony’s DNA also indicates the company’s unusual skill for product design and outstanding marketing tactics. This extraordinary flair for design and marketing is the key factor of its dominance in international markets. The major challenge that Sony confronted with achieving synergy was the issue related to its internal convergence. The corporation was unsure how it could achieve seamless cooperation between its subsidiary companies by selling the network vision. In addition, ‘there was little corporation between the content people in the United States and the technical wizards in Japan’. The production units like the Play Station had been enjoying exceed independence by working outside the company’s mainstream and by initiating alliance with other parties. It is uncertain if sonny can endure with this sort of ‘luxury’ in future namely in its innovative processes. Another major problem was the threat from low-cost imitators who already had pirated its content business. As compared to other competitors, Sony had to be highly concerned about factors associated with its copyright. As one of the notable challenges, Sony had been limited access to TV broadcast in USA. Th ey also lacked synergy between hardware and content side of business. Finally, Sony did not have substantial share in mobile industry. Reorganization might be the possible solution to meet these challenges in future. Sony has already identified this factor; and the organization has entered the world of digital convergence. Instead of traditional mode of management, it depends on outsourcing feasibility which allows broad and collaborative knowledge sharing and problem solving. Sony’s cooperation with Intel and Microsoft is an example for this conceptual change. Although this trend of convergence was unfamiliar to Sony, recently it has altered its tactics especially in case of product

Management Principles and Application for Construction and the Built Essay - 1

Management Principles and Application for Construction and the Built Environment - Essay Example The management of development tasks obliges learning of present day administration and additionally a comprehension of the design and construction process. Construction activities have a particular arrangement of tasks and objectives, for example, an individual timeline for finishing. While the institutional courses of action or methodologies will vary, the management of such activities is much in a similar manner to the principles applied in business management (Horlene & Randy, 2010). Construction show features that are present in a conventional business set up thus control in a similar way, as an enterprise organisation is possible. In most cases, the mission and the arrangement of tasks to be accomplished by the project recognize construction projects from the general rules of organizations. As indicated by the Project Management Institute, the arrangement of tasks and functionalities are dependent on the nature of the project and type of organisation employed. Construction project management is all about coordinating and facilitating human and material assets for the duration of the life of a task by utilizing current administration strategies to attain the planned targets of extension, expense, time, quality and structural requirements (Hablot, 2011). By complexity, the general management of construction works and modern organizations expect a more extensive viewpoint with the more prominent progression of operations. In any case, there are sufficient likenesses and, in addition, contrasts between the two so that present day management procedures created for construction administration may require adjustments to fit the particular task.

Is Frankenstein Guilty of Crimes Againts Nature Research Paper

Is Frankenstein Guilty of Crimes Againts Nature - Research Paper Example But this proposition of Frankenstein’s crime against nature can be challenged by a simple rhetorical question, â€Å"Does Frankenstein create a real monster?† Textual evidences ultimately show that Doctor Frankenstein has not created a real monster as per the assumption that man cannot grasp the secrets of life and death; rather his ignorance about how to nurture his creature that apparently looks like an evil causes the final havoc he suffers in the end of the novel. By successfully creating a childlike imitative being, in the very first place he proves that the secrets of life and death are obviously knowledgeable by man. Meanwhile he nullifies the supposition that seeking the secrets of life and death is nothing profane. But Frankenstein’s true crime is that he abandons his creature immediately after its birth. Obviously this crime is caused by his ignorance about his responsibility that greater knowledge imposes upon him. Thus Frankenstein commits crime again st nature by refusing to play the motherly role of nurturing the creature; but not by seeking the secrets of life. Mary Shelly’s scheme to humanize the monster essentially refutes the claim that man should not, more accurately cannot, achieve knowledge beyond what nature allows. The horrible look and ferocious appearance of Frankenstein’s creature are not enough to prove his failure to achieve the unknowledgeable. Indeed his success lies in his ability to create a being that can learn; that possesses a mind and the essence of man. Frankenstein commits crime against his creature by abandoning it. Indeed his crime does not seem to be a deliberate one. Rather it evolves from his ignorance about the truth of his creature’s nature. If Frankenstein were responsible enough, instead of being repulsed by the creature’s horrible look he could train him to be socialized. But like

Structure and Functions of the United Nations Organization Research Paper - 1

Structure and Functions of the United Nations Organization - Research Paper Example It also has an Economic and Social Council which has 54 members and an international court of justice consisting of fifteen judges. It has a Trusteeship council and a secretariat which are discussed subsequently. The United Nations through its five bodies is helping to maintain international politics in such a way that the whole world remains in peace and harmony. It is basically acting as a judge of politics so that countries do not fight or the populations of the countries do not suffer either financially or physically because of any threat. In order to develop a norm for all the countries, international laws are laid down by the United Nations which have to be followed by all the member countries. These international laws are regulated by treaties between the UN and the countries. These treaties are broad as they consider many aspects of the society such as human rights, refugees and border restrictions (United Nations 2010) Rwanda Genocide is cited to be one of the failures by the United Nations organization which shows that the UN has not been very successful in achieving its objectives. On the contrary, many other successful scenarios of UN can also be analyzed all over the world which shows that they have regulated international politics in such a way that many wars have been avoided. An example of Indo Pak can be cited here which was stopped with the help of UN intervention. It can clearly be seen that the UN Security Council after the genocide got more particular about warnings. It sought out its policies in such a way that future incidents occurring all over the world could be avoided. The policies which were taken by UN regarding the war on Afghanistan can be cited here which have served to be purposeful in decreasing the terrorism rate in the world. The UN Security Council urged all its member countries to follow the rules as laid down by Resolution 1267.

Sex Without Love by Sharon Olds Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sex Without Love by Sharon Olds - Research Paper Example eciation of sex in modern society in its deliberate rejection of warm human to human relationships in favor of the clinical focus of professional athletes obsessed with their performance and physique. The style of the poem is deceptively naturalistic, with no rhymes or stanzas. Some key ideas are presented with alliteration, for example â€Å"wine, wet† (Olds, 1984, line 6) and â€Å"the purists, the pros† (Olds, 1984, line 14). Fourfold repetition of the phrase â€Å"come to the† in lines 9-10, into which the word â€Å"God† is placed, without any proper punctuation, breaks the flow of the otherwise unremarkable syntax, as if to suggest that the the act of making love is some kind of structural anomaly in another wise regular world. This is an example of the â€Å"proud, urgent, human voice† (Poetry Foundation, p. 1) of the poet at work. Some rather graphic bodily similes such as â€Å"faces/red as steak, wine, wet as the children at birth whose mothers are going to/give them away† (Olds, 1984, lines 5-8) break some cultural taboos such as cannibalism and the mothers who neglect their responsibilities. This is an example of what Lewallan calls â€Å"her penchant for imaging the bodies of others as meat, red and raw, as well as her penchant for metaphors of predation.† (Lewallan, 2006, p. 42) There are undertones of violence and neglect in this depiction which contradict prevailing cultural expectations. From all three of these critical perspectives, the sociological, the cultural and the stylistic, Olds presents a re-evaluation of one of the oldest poetic themes in the world: the relationship between love and sex and encourages the reader to view a new, and somewhat shocking paradigm. Lewallan, Walter E. â€Å"The signature poetics of Sharon Olds and John Cage.† Dissertation, University of Florida, 2006. Available online at:

Is Frankenstein Guilty of Crimes Againts Nature Research Paper

Is Frankenstein Guilty of Crimes Againts Nature - Research Paper Example But this proposition of Frankenstein’s crime against nature can be challenged by a simple rhetorical question, â€Å"Does Frankenstein create a real monster?† Textual evidences ultimately show that Doctor Frankenstein has not created a real monster as per the assumption that man cannot grasp the secrets of life and death; rather his ignorance about how to nurture his creature that apparently looks like an evil causes the final havoc he suffers in the end of the novel. By successfully creating a childlike imitative being, in the very first place he proves that the secrets of life and death are obviously knowledgeable by man. Meanwhile he nullifies the supposition that seeking the secrets of life and death is nothing profane. But Frankenstein’s true crime is that he abandons his creature immediately after its birth. Obviously this crime is caused by his ignorance about his responsibility that greater knowledge imposes upon him. Thus Frankenstein commits crime again st nature by refusing to play the motherly role of nurturing the creature; but not by seeking the secrets of life. Mary Shelly’s scheme to humanize the monster essentially refutes the claim that man should not, more accurately cannot, achieve knowledge beyond what nature allows. The horrible look and ferocious appearance of Frankenstein’s creature are not enough to prove his failure to achieve the unknowledgeable. Indeed his success lies in his ability to create a being that can learn; that possesses a mind and the essence of man. Frankenstein commits crime against his creature by abandoning it. Indeed his crime does not seem to be a deliberate one. Rather it evolves from his ignorance about the truth of his creature’s nature. If Frankenstein were responsible enough, instead of being repulsed by the creature’s horrible look he could train him to be socialized. But like

Sex Without Love by Sharon Olds Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sex Without Love by Sharon Olds - Research Paper Example eciation of sex in modern society in its deliberate rejection of warm human to human relationships in favor of the clinical focus of professional athletes obsessed with their performance and physique. The style of the poem is deceptively naturalistic, with no rhymes or stanzas. Some key ideas are presented with alliteration, for example â€Å"wine, wet† (Olds, 1984, line 6) and â€Å"the purists, the pros† (Olds, 1984, line 14). Fourfold repetition of the phrase â€Å"come to the† in lines 9-10, into which the word â€Å"God† is placed, without any proper punctuation, breaks the flow of the otherwise unremarkable syntax, as if to suggest that the the act of making love is some kind of structural anomaly in another wise regular world. This is an example of the â€Å"proud, urgent, human voice† (Poetry Foundation, p. 1) of the poet at work. Some rather graphic bodily similes such as â€Å"faces/red as steak, wine, wet as the children at birth whose mothers are going to/give them away† (Olds, 1984, lines 5-8) break some cultural taboos such as cannibalism and the mothers who neglect their responsibilities. This is an example of what Lewallan calls â€Å"her penchant for imaging the bodies of others as meat, red and raw, as well as her penchant for metaphors of predation.† (Lewallan, 2006, p. 42) There are undertones of violence and neglect in this depiction which contradict prevailing cultural expectations. From all three of these critical perspectives, the sociological, the cultural and the stylistic, Olds presents a re-evaluation of one of the oldest poetic themes in the world: the relationship between love and sex and encourages the reader to view a new, and somewhat shocking paradigm. Lewallan, Walter E. â€Å"The signature poetics of Sharon Olds and John Cage.† Dissertation, University of Florida, 2006. Available online at:

Personal Goal Essay Example for Free

Personal Goal Essay My purpose for seeking a Doctorate Degree in Educational Leadership is to expand my knowledge of theory and research methods as it pertains to education Being a seasoned professional in the field of education as a Master Teacher for fifteen years, and having been exposed to different challenges in teaching the learners and leading the school, I had this profound realization on the critical tasks of education in this age of globalization. The way schools are led and managed is changing. The types of school leaders and governing bodies that exist today are far more diverse than they once were; and they will continue to develop given the fast-paced movement of modern technology which affects how people and society evolve nowadays. Hence, this complexity calls for leaders with exemplary leadership style that are worth emulating for others so as to make a real distinction in the lives of many people, not only in a community, but for the country, as a whole. Educational leadership and management as a field of inquiry play a significant role in the improvement of schools; leveraging learning outcomes; and enhancing instructional competence of students. In schools, high performance rating and high literacy rates among their clienteles connotes success in one’s governance in education, thus, in making relevance to the system, educational leaders need to exercise certain leadership models that are truly manifesting merit in order to achieve its goals. And I think I already have what it takes to become a leader who can have the knowledge and skills to make these goals a reality.

Analyses Proposals The Coffeemate Brand Uk Marketing Essay

Analyses Proposals The Coffeemate Brand Uk Marketing Essay Firstly, this report will analyse the current position of the Coffee-Mate on the market place in the UK and secondly, will be given proposals for future strategic development of the Coffee-Mate brand in the UK. There should not be mass targeting in the cream powder market, however the segmentation of the market will help to identify potential buyers or buyers and will separate them into clusters within parallel buyers pattern. The important role plays the marketing mix such the right product, the right place, the right promotion at the right time. The Coffee-mate should preferably maintain and improve the market position, however it can be costly and not very often cost successful. The promotion which should be used for the Coffee-mate should be more determined on the product differentiation. It should show why the Coffee-Mate is different from the ordinary powder creamer and why the consumers should use the Coffee-Mate and nothing else. Also it should be considered a new distribution plan and the volume of products to offer. There should be a high concentration on the segments which are targeted and choice of the right product to this segment. The right marketing mix is a crucial for a suc cessful and profitable product. Contents Introduction In this report it will be firstly analysed the Coffee-Mate brand and current position on the market place in the UK based on the information from case of study the Coffee-Mate (Kotler at al, 2008). Secondly, it will be given proposals for future strategic development of the Coffee-mate brand in the UK. Firstly, there should be asked the key questions in strategic marketing management (Wilson and Gilligan, 2005). Where are we now? Where do we want to be? How might we get there? Which way is the best? How can we ensure arrival? The Nestle Coffee-Mate brand background The Coffee-mate was first introduced in 1961 as first non-diary powdered creamer in US by Nestle. In 1989 was introduced Nestle Coffee mate liquid, which was number one of non- dairy product on the market. Nestle Coffee-Mate developed a different flavours of powdered cream to keep their customer interesting in and buying their products. Nestle changed the view of kitchen coffee to cafe coffee made in the kitchen (http://www.coffee-mate.com/Faq.aspx). Customers of Coffee-mate can enjoy the different flavours also seasonal flavours (Gingerbread and Eggnog) and special edition, furthermore Coffee-mate can be found in fat free, reduced fat and sugar free in powdered and liquid products. The brand is playing important role for the Coffee-Mate. The Coffee-Mate is part of the Nestle, well known brand which will add value to the product and will differentiate Coffee-Mate from its competitors. The Nestle is using corporate umbrella branding where the companys name is attached to the entire p roduct portfolio (Wilson and Gilligan, 2005). For Heinz the umbrella is covering a wide range of products drinks (NESCAFÉ Gold Blend), breakfast cereals, and chocolate full Nestle portfolio (Appendix 1). There are advantages of corporate umbrella branding. Firstly, in Nestle case it can be reduced cost for a new campaign (promoting only the new product not the brand) and the brand name of Nestle is already well-known and established. McDonald at al (2008) believed that using corporate umbrella branding can be a disadvantage the brand name to not be as strongly identified with any one product also it can be argued that Nestle will lose the name as a coffee and chocolate brand. McDonald at al (2008) agreed that the brand dilution occurs when consumers no longer associate a brand with a specific product or highly similar products and start thinking less of the brand. Market and environmental analysis Where are we now? Wilson and Gilligan (2005) believed that the importance of organizations performance in the market place is influenced by three key factors: The organizations current market position The nature of environmental opportunities and threats The organizations ability to cope with environmental demands. The Nestle Coffee-Mate current position on the market is seen by managers of Nestle as less growth potential than for example Nestle food products. In the result, the budget for marketing campaigns was minimized, however the budget for ground coffee increased  £43 million campaign aimed at reminding people that instant coffee is 100% real coffee made from pure and natural coffee beans and nothing else (Nestle press releases,2009). The coffee creamer market has advantages and disadvantages. Coffee creamer products have a better whitener use than dried or powdered milk, however consumers sees coffee creamer as something for special occasions but not for their daily coffee. The market for coffee creamer is complicated with different types of consumers behaviour. Firstly, there are consumers who will not use powdered milk or cream at all. Secondly, there are users who will use powdered milk into their coffee but will not use cream (the taste is changed). Thirdly, users will use Coffee-Mate only in case of emergency (run out of milk or cream). Fourthly, there are users who are using coffee cream daily however consider creamer as a treat. The use of Coffee-Mate correlates with consumption of coffee in UK. The average consumption of coffee is about 3kg per head in the UK, which is about 1.5 cups per day which is low compare to Italy, France or Germany (5kg) and in the Scandinavian or Benelux region (11-13kg)(Kotler a t al, 2008). The national Food Survey suggests that there is correlation between weekly income and consumption of coffee (the higher income the higher consumption of coffee). The UK coffee market is up 19% from 2002 ( £720 million in 2007). Instant coffee contributes 81% of market share however it can be seen shift from instant coffee into premium non-instant coffee (Mintel, 2008). On the other hand, Mintel researchers found that one in five consumers agree that it is too much effort to make ground coffee at home (Mintel, 2008). The strengths and weaknesses (strategic and marketing analysis) The main strengths of the Coffee-mate are its capability to replace the real cream or milk and the length of the life time storage, however legally it cannot be defined as non-diary because it contains ingredients such vegetable fat and dried glucose which contains a real milk derivates. The weaknesses of the Coffee-mate are firstly its limitation in sales. Secondly, the Coffee-mate it is not weekly shopping item and preferably consumers are buying fresh cream or milk instead of the powdered. Consumers see using powdered cream or milk just in emergency situation and furthermore not all the coffees are made with milk or cream. Thirdly, the Coffee-mate is not independent product and can be consumed only with coffee. Customer analysis The customers of the Coffee-mate are consumers who are buying instant or ground coffee and using powdered milk or coffee creamer. The survey was done by TGI and divided consumers into five potential groups for Coffee-Mate. The key variables used by TGI to segment the market are: income, age, social grade, concerning about health and environment, shopping activity and budgeting, social places (pubs, restaurants), brand versus own label, travelling, media (TV, radio, newspapers)  , number of children at home, area where they live, level of consumption of Coffee-Mate and creamers and occupation. TGI user survey divided consumers into five clusters Appendix 2. Cluster 1: Sharon and Tracy Experimentalists (Sample proportion: 15.4 %) Cluster 2: Eileen and Mary Cost constrained, older, and conservative (Sample proportion: 23.6 %) Cluster 3: Sarah and Anna Affluent, Young foodies (Sample proportion: 24.4 %) Cluster 4: Dawn and Lisa Cost constrained, Young families (Sample proportion: 13.9 %) Cluster 5: Dorothy and Amy Affluent (Sample proportion: 22.7 %) Market share Cluster 1 Sharon and Tracy 15, 4 % Cluster 2 Eileen and Anna 23, 6% Cluster 3 Sarah and Lisa 24, 4% Cluster 4 Dawn 13, 9% Cluster 5 Dorothy and Amy 22, 7% Source: TGIs user survey Competitor analysis The main competitors of the Coffee-Mate on the market place are fresh milk and cream (Appendix 3). For the coffee creamer market the main competitors are Compliment, Kenco, Compleat, own label and others (Appendix). Coffee-Mate has about 55% market share on the coffee creamer market. To be successful and better than competitors Coffee-mate has to concentrate on advantage for example a capacity to replace the milk which the Coffee-Mate has. To be better than competition it has to be known how the competition markets their products. The four main questions have to be asked: What is each competitors current strategy? How are competitors performing? What are their strengths and weaknesses? What can we expect from each competitor in the future? (Wilson and Gilligan, 2005). Strategic direction and strategic formulation Where do we want to be? Market segmentation, targeting and positioning It can be argued that the market for cream powder is segmented, however not mass targeted. The segmentation of market helps to identify group of buyers or potential buyers and divide them into groups within similar buyers pattern (Wilson and Gilligan, 2005). It is advantage for marketer to segment the market because the marketer then decides which segments present the greatest opportunity which are its target markets (McDonald at al, 2008). Not everyone likes the milk or cream into their coffee. Therefore, the marketers will divide up the market into the segments by exploring behavioural, demographic and psychographic differences within buyers (McDonald at a, 2008). The Coffee-Mate developed strategic marketing to target the market segment. The particular segment cannot be contented with only one product. If the Coffee-Mate was targeting only one segment 41% of the 55% (McDonald at al, 2008) the current market share however it will lose 14.5% which is owned by Coffee-Mate Lite. The Coffee-Mate has to use multiple segments and obtain a greater market share of coffee cream market. How might we get there Strategic choice which way is the best? The American Marketing Association (AMA) in 1985 said Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives. To achieve the needs of the target segments the right marketing mix must be developed. The product (Coffee-Mate) has to be accessible in the right place (distribution), at the right price and in the right time (McCarthy, 1960). Thomas (1987) also believed that the product or services offering of a company or organization ultimately determines the nature of the business and the marketplace perception of the business. In this sense it is the core of the marketing management function. The product Coffee-Mate will have to satisfy the target segment. In this case, it will be difficult to satisfy many segments for this reason the preference segments will be identified clustered preferences (natural market segments). TGI user Surveys identified five potential consumers for Coffee-Mate. Based on the Appendix 3 it can be seen and argued who are potentially the most profitable group and which should be targeted. It can be said that Dawn and Lisa (young families, 13.9% sample proportion) and Sharon and Tracy (experimentalist, 15.4% sample proportion) will become Eileen and Mary (older and conservative, 23.6% sample proportion) and Sarah and Hannah will lose attractiveness for this segment (Kotler, 2008). The Coffee-Mate marketing MIX Product Abbot (1995) highlighted about product What people really desire are not the products but satisfying experience, however Levitt (1976) argued that the products have to be seen as the benefits not the functions. The Coffee-Mate is the product with a strong position (55% market share) on the market place, however it can be argued that one of the important aspects is brand name. Nestle is a strong, well -known brand and instead of creating, developing and maintaining a new one the Coffee-Mate become part of it. Wilson and Gilligan (2005) also agree that it is only in this way that the organization is able to promise and continue to deliver to the consumer a superior value than that offered by competitors. The importance of the coffee-mate product is in which phase of the product cycle is. The Coffee-mate cream powder is probably in the mature stadium. There is not a rapid growth on the UK market also there is not a sign of the new entries on the market or decline in demand for the Coffe e-Mate. Price The price is one of the important factors of the marketing mix. If there is wrong pricing decision the competitors will win and Nestle will lose their customers. Managers have to know the pricing strategies of their competitors and how big are their financial resources to cope with their competition. The Coffee-Mate should concentrate on the maintenance and improvement of market position (Wilson and Gilligan, 2005). Advantage of this objective is the improvements of the market share however it can be very costly and not often cost effective. Coffee-mate is already in leading position (55% market share) but there is danger that they will lose it. One the factors can be the lack of finance for campaign and promotion. Promotion Promotion is also important aspect of the marketing mix. It can be said that promotion is the visible face (Wilson and Gilligan, 2005) which symbolize the product and communicate with customers. In 2002 Nestle spent  £1m on the Coffee-Mate campaign to change customers opinion on the coffee whitener from coffee whitener to coffee enhancers with main slogan Coffee-mate does it for coffee so deliciously creamy tasting its almost improper (http://www.campaignlive.co.uk, 2002). In 2007 there was marketing campaign which promoted the Coffee-Mate Even when there is milk around (Appendix 5). It was previously discussed that young families, experimentalist, older and conservatives are the market which should be targeted. The tools which can be used to target the market can be: the TV, newspaper and a new medium Facebook and Twiter (Appendix 6). The new campaign should be more concentrated on the product differentiation. There are not other competitors who are producing powder cream or liqu id with different taste (Appendix 7) and sticks pad which can be used on the go. The Coffee-Mate should have distanced more from other in the market and create a major competitive advantage. To create competitive advantage there have to be understanding of particular segment, however the disadvantage of product differentiation can be limited opportunities for the sector growth and creating differences that customers do not value (Wilson and Gilligan, 2005). Furthermore, they have to convince the customer that the Coffee-mate is better than competitors products. Place The distribution plan is final and also important part of marketing mix. The right choice of distributors and volume distributed can make huge impact on the volume of products sold. To achieve the competitive advantage the right distribution channel has to be recognized. The Coffee-mate is sold by retailers (Morrison, Tesco, Sainsbury,), Internet and through other channels however there should be considered other options workplace, universities and hospitals. There is a huge opportunity to be a successful. Full-time working women agreed first thing in the morning I tend to have coffee with semi-skimmed milk, but towards 11 oclock I want something which is more relaxing, more substantial, so I have coffee with Coffee-Mate. It seems to be comforting. (Kotler at al, 2008). The distribution of the Coffee-Mate into the coffee machine which are in the workplace, universities or hospital will bring benefits, improve a market share and bring a new customers. To select a right channel of dis tribution the plan has to be considered (Wilson, 1983). Marketing MIX in use The different option (Coffee- Mate Lite, Gingerbread, Pumpkin) will influence the marketing mix of the Coffee-Mate. There have to be concentration on the segment which is targeted and the product which is offering to this segment. The product has to convince the segment market which is for example colour of packaging, the size and quality. It will be impossible to convince a lot of segment markets with only one product like the Coffee-Mate. The price will be influenced by the cost production, consumer demand and advertisement cost. The launch of the new favour such Lite, Mocha or Latte there have to be research that there will be high consumers demand for this products. Conclusion In this report the current marketing positions of the Coffee-Mate brand was analyzed and after were given proposals for future strategic development of the Coffee-mate brand in the UK. The Coffee-Mate is currently in the leading position, however the managers do not see the potential growth in the future. Despite this believe, the Coffee-Mate has a benefit of the length storage compare to fresh milk or cream, however powder cream is still seen as the treat by users and as the emergency by non-users. The market was divided by TGI into five clusters and the most profitable group was chosen and will be targeted. The best way how to achieve the success such as market growth and profitability can be done by better segmentation of the market and better clustered preferences. The Coffee-Mate is not just cream powder and the campaign has to say it to the potential costumers. The Coffee-Mate should create the competitive advantage from the differentiation. The Coffee-Mate has to persuade the consumers that they are better than their competitors. The crucial is the concentration on the segments which are targeted and chose the right product for this segment.

A Tale of Two Hearts in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

A TALE OF TWO HEARTS While an artist uses a variety of colors and brushes to create a portrait, Charlotte Bronte used contrasting characters and their vivid personalities to create a masterpiece of her own.   In her novel Jane Eyre, Bronte uses narration and her characters to portray the struggle between a society’s Victorian realism and the people’s repressed urges of Romanticism.   In order to discern between the Victorian and Romantic themes, Bronte selects certain characters to portray the perfect stereotype of each theme.   Mademoiselle Celine Varens is the model of the Romantic attitude.   Varens a â€Å"French opera-dancer† found herself as the â€Å"grande passion† of Mr. Rochester.   The amour between Rochester and Varens started in a â€Å"complete establishment of servants, a carriage, cashmere, diamonds, dentells, etc.† and ended with Rochester â€Å"finding her out† with another man.   Varens’ irrationality did not only affect Rochester, but also her child: â€Å"she abandoned her child and ran away with a musician or singer.†Ã‚   Celine Varens, a woman in a daring profession, led a life of passion, freedom and irresponsibility.   Her life was ballad of adventure idolized by Romantics but frowned upon by society.   Mrs. Reed is the perfect representative of Victorian realism.   She had all t he visual attributes found in a Victorian styled lady.   She possessed gentry as the mistress of Gateshead Hall and her material wealth was made obvious by the luxuries found in her home –â€Å"a bed supported on massive pillows of mahogany, hung with curtains of damask†Ã¢â‚¬â€and in her children â€Å"in their Muslim frocks and scarlet sashes.†Ã‚   Besides wealth and gentility, Mrs. Reed also maintained Victorian characteristics of insularity and censoriousness.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Eliza, John and Georgiana were now clustered round their mama in the drawing room: she lay reclined on the sofa by the fireplace and her darlings about her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Mrs. Reed literally maintains insularity – snobbishly creating an island of her and her children, detaching themselves from Jane.   Lastly Mrs. Reed exercised censoriousness towards Jane on a continual basis until Jane was left with â€Å"a habitual mood of humiliation, self doubt, forlorn depression.†Ã‚   Jane’s state is the result of the Victorian need of moral severity, which was expressed by blame and disapproval.   Bronte uses Varens and Reed to paint the contrast between the Romantics controlled by emotion, freedom and imagination and the Victorians who exhibit middle-class stuffiness and pompous conservatism. But any author can capture the essence of two societies and illustrate the opposites in two opposing characters.

Illusion versus Reality in Miss Brill Essay -- Katherine Mansfield Mis

Illusion versus Reality in Miss Brill  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Is it really "okay" to talk to yourself as long as you don't talk back? Well, what if your fur piece talks back? In Katherine Mansfield's short story, "Miss Brill," it is a quickly established fact that Miss Brill has an odd relationship with her fur necklet (440). But it is the author's descriptive use of symbolism that provides a deeper understanding of Miss Brill's personality. Katherine Mansfield creates the woman in the ermine toque (441) in similarity to Miss Brill to reveal Miss Brill's identity in connection with her own fur piece and invite comparison, which further illustrates Miss Brill's perception of reality.    Introduced in the story as simply "an ermine toque" (441), Ms. Mansfield establishes the woman wearing this fur hat as a symbol that assists in defining the relationship of one-ness Miss Brill has with her own fur. Through Miss Brill's description of the woman in the ermine toque, it is clear that Miss Brill perceives the woman in connection with the fur she wears (441-442). Miss Brill compares the woman's coloring to the color of her fur by pointing out that everything, her hair, her face, even her eyes, [is] the same colour as the shabby ermine"(441). Miss Brill goes on to describe the woman's hand as being "a tiny yellowish paw" (441). And when the woman exits Miss Brill's attention, she does not walk away as a human would, but she "patters away" as a small animal might (442). Miss Brill's inability to differentiate clearly between the woman and the ermine toque she wears reinforces Miss Brill's identity in connection with her own fur. Mansfield employs this description as a techn ique to suggest the need to interpret Miss Brill from the descri... ...nly a secondary symbol, it assists in enriching our understanding of Miss Brill's peculiarities while pointing out primary symbols, like her own fur necklet. How Mansfield employs the "ermine toque" to foretell the plot of the larger story demonstrates a difference between those who interact and constructively deal with conflict and those who run away, refusing to accept the realities of life. Miss Brill, who does not interact with life, chooses to interact with her fur which, though genuine, is not alive. Instead, she chooses an imitation for her own life by "sitting in other people's lives" (440) which, though reality, cannot remain her reality.    Works Cited Mansfield, Katherine.   "Miss Brill."   Introduction to Literature: Reading,   Analyzing, and Writing. 2nd ed.   Ed. Dorothy U. Seyler and Richard   A. Wilan. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1990.   440-43.

Bad Habits while Driving Essay

For the revision of one of my essay’s, I choose to do my Illustration essay. For my illustration essay I choose to do the topic â€Å"Bad Habits While Driving.† Before some of the essay was wrong and supposedly copyrighted but I rewrote it into my words again so therefore this time it shouldn’t be wrong. Now on one of the quotes that I gave I forgot to give credit to the website and that was definitely copyrighted and I totally forgot to put that. I added the website to the statistic I gave and changed a few of the spelling and grammatical errors I noticed. So all in all I believe that this essay is better than my last. Hope you enjoy reading it. I remember the first time I got my license, I wanted everyone to see me and to see what I could do in the parking lot with my new truck. The first day I drove after I got my license I thought I knew everything there was about a vehicle and I could handle anything. Well I was wrong, there was a lot of things that I needed to learn and realize how dangerous it actually is driving. When I got out of school just like any teenager now a days was on there telephone texting and calling there parents or friends to hang out. They were getting behind the wheel of the car and driving off to go get something to eat and eating behind the wheel driving to fast trying to impress everyone. Driving is a privilege that should be taken serious and not have any distractions. There are some bad habits while driving that the every common person has from driving to fast, eating, and most worst habit using a cellphone. Every time you turn on a TV or listen to the radio nine times out of ten I  would bet that you would hear something about someone dieing in a car accident. I know for my self when I have to get someone on a certain time and I’m late I’ll drive fast to get there. That is one of the main reason of all accidents caused by. Each year in America there are about 32,000 people that die from speeding in a vehicle. You see in movies all the time people flying right through red lights and getting into a wreck and the person that was just sitting there dies. I remember when I was in the seventh grade my mom and grandma was sitting at this red light and it turned green, and my mom is one of them people who waits and sees if it is clear after the light turns green; after she checked she started to drive but next thing she knows they got hit in the back because the guy was going to fast and run the red light. There is no telling where I would have ended up if I would have lost my m om in that wreck that day. You can turn on the TV and you can see a commercial about texting and driving. They warn us about how bad it is to text and drive. In drivers education they made us watch a movie that showed the dangers of texting and driving, it showed these teenagers and the one driving was texting and they got in a wreck and died. If every the teacher or program could just tell each young driver how important it is on how dangerous it is to text and drive. But you know how us teenagers are is like we let it go through one ear and it goes out the other. According to the the study by the Cohen Children’s Medical Center in New Hyde Park, New York; texting and driving has surpassed drinking and driving and is the leading cause of death among teens. Dr. Andrew Adesman, Cheif Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cohen Children’s Medical Center told a reporter Carolyn Gusoff â€Å" The reality is kids aren’t drinking seven days per week, they are carrying their phones and textin g seven days per week, so you intuitively know this a more common occurrence.† Which is true, I don’t drink and don’t want to, but kids my age isn’t worried about carring around there alcohol they are more worried about seeing who’s texting them and where the parties are going to be at. Driving is a privilege and any body, young or old getting behind the wheel of a vehicle should always treat that machine with respect. A problem that I have while driving, is I am always rushing or in a hurry  and I have to eat on the go. I don’t like to but sometimes I have to. Although eating and driving is very danger’s I’ve come to be able to do it a lot better than I used to. â€Å"Distractions like eating can become a problem for drivers who can’t react quickly to a sharp curve,† according to a study by the National Highway Traffic Study Administration (http://www.nydailynews.com/). The same people say that a new study they have conducted stated that 80% of all car accidents and 65% of near misses are caused by distracted drivers more focused on their burgers than the road (http://www.nydailynews.com/). I never really knew how dangerous it was to just eat a burger and drive down the road, and also how much attention is lost when eating and driving. Driving is a privilege and it can become very dangerous from doing the little things to having no attention on the roads. I know for myself I’ll think twice about answering that text and driving a little to fast, or what I have a problem with is eating and driving. All those videos I watch in drivers ed. I can still picture the images of the boy who died in the crash from the other guy text while driving. So many lives are lost because we’re in a hurry or we have to do this, and we can’t wait. Life is to short for all nonsense we do while driving and we just shorten our lives every time we do it. So who’s with me and taking the vowel to never text and drive and eat and drive?

Notes on History of Dhammapada Essay

According to Wikipedia, Dhammapada is the most famous book of the Tipitakas. It is also the book that has been translated into English and other languages more times than any other book in Buddhist literature. According to Ven. K Sri Dhammananda (1988), the founder of Sudharma Buddhist Institute, Dhammapada (literally meaning The Words of Truth or The Path of Noble Truth) consists of 423 verses in Pali uttered by the Buddha on some 305 occasions for the benefit of a wide range of human beings. These sayings were selected and compiled into one book as being worthy of special note on account of their beauty and relevance for molding the lives of future generations of Buddhists. It is also surprising that according to Britannica Encyclopedia, Dhammapada is accepted both in Theravada Buddhism and in Mahayana Buddhism although there is a difference in the number of verses in the two versions. However, according to Encarta Encyclopedia, the most translated version is that of Theravada. The history of Dhammapada is also not so different in both branches of Buddhism. The Lord Buddha historically had to go round the northern India and Nepal preaching his Dhamma, meeting many people. According to the prescribed text book (Module no. A -Ya 2004) of the second year university students specializing Oriental Studies in Myanmar ), the Lord Buddha preached his Dhamma ( guides and sermons for the cessation of all the sufferings) both in the form of speech called â€Å"cunniya† and occasionally in poetically versed form called â€Å"gatha†. According to Ohn Myint , Daw (2004), the verses uttered by the Lord Buddha had been compiled by 500 Buddhist Senior Arahants in Rajaghyo, India, in the First Dhamma Council (Pathama Sangayana) in 483 BC. Venerable Buddhagosa, the most famous commentary author in Theravada Buddhism, wrote the commentary of Dhammapada named Dhammapada Atthakatha in Sri Lanka. In his commentary book, Ven. Buddha Gosa, studying thoroughly from the elderly monks and old canons, noted the historical backgrounds of the verses in Pali Language. In this book, he told the story of each verses including whom theses verses were uttered by Buddha for, where, how, when and why these verses were uttered by Lord Buddha and so on. According to Subhodha Lankara, a famous Buddhist Literary Guide throughout the history of Buddhism, the verses in Dhammapada and Buddhist Literature are composed and uttered by systematic rules of rhythm, rhyme and meter. Moreover, Thanissaro Bhikkhu (1997) writes as follows: â€Å"As the Buddha himself is quoted as saying, ‘Meter is the structural framework of verses. According to Goinka S. N, the founder of Vissapana Research Institute in India, verses in Dhammapada were just orally handed down at first before the fourth Dhamma Council held in Tambapai [Sri Lanka] in 29 B. C in which all of the Buddhist Scriptures were recorded on written forms on palm leaves. According to the Commentary of Dhammapada by Ven Buddhagosa, these verses are intentionally uttered in accordance with the listeners’ background knowledge, their social backgrounds, and the situations in order to enlighten their mind. As soon as the Lord uttered the verses, Ananda, the chosen attendant and constant companion of the Buddha during the last twenty-five years of his life. memorized it and handed down again to the other monks and people. According to Mahaparinibana Sutta in the first book of Suttanna Pitaka named Mahavagga, after the Lord passed into the nirvana ( His death), the senior Buddhist monks met together and held the First Buddhist Council in order to preserve the holy teachings of the Lord Buddha. In the council, all of the Buddha’s teachings were divided into three parts. According to Goenka, S,N (1999), the founder of Vipassana Research Institute in India , the first part is known as the Vinaya Pitaka and it contains all the rules which Buddha laid down for monks and nuns.. The second part is called the Suttanna Pitaka and it contains the Discourses. The third part is known as the Abhidhamma Pitaka and comprises the psycho-ethical teachings of the Buddha. The first pitaka is Suttanna pitaka and it is divided into five parts according to the length and form of the discourses. The poetical verses that the Lord uttered were compiled into a book named Dhammapada. Dhammapada is included in the first part of Suttanna Pitaka named Khuddhakanikaya ( Short Discourses). According to Daw Ohn Myint, Professor of the Department of Oriental Studies, Yangon University of Distance Education ( 2004), throughout the history of Buddhism, Dhammapada has been studied and memorized by Buddhist monks. Even nowadays in Sri Lanka, the novices who want to be transformed into monkhood have to memorize all the verses in Dhammapada as a compulsory skill.

Argument research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argument research paper - Essay Example They also have a window through which they can counter the effects of the junk food; going for the workout and no one is pursuing either of these options. In deed junk food from the fast food restaurants have contributed to the spread of obesity that is now reaching the level of public health threat, many people are obese, especially in the US where billions of dollars is set aside in every financial year to fight the effect of obesity in the country. Most of the adults and the youths are obese and this does not only pose a health threat to the nation, it also means that they will be spending billions of dollars to curb the health problem as well as loosing most of the man hours. Most of the people who are obese are not able to completely work, they are sluggish, slow and not quick to act, this would interpret that substantial man-hours are likely to be lost if obesity is not put on a stringent check. Obesity results into about 100,000 deaths in the US and is consuming about $117 bil lion for preventive, diagnosis, and controls. About 30% of the population is obese; this situation that needs urgent measures to address (Schlosser, 2012). Despite the contribution of fast food restaurant in the spread of obesity, still they cannot bear the responsibility of menace because of several factors; firstly, there is no condition that the company applies that one must consume junk food; it is out of the customer’s free will and choice that they indulge in eating the junk food. This alone shifts the problem and the responsibility to the consumers, in fact, the best way to control the obesity is from the consumers end, if they can control the level of their consumption, then all can be right. Fast food restaurants like McDonald are only responding to the customers demand, every businessperson always wants to satisfy the demand of the customers and would do all that is necessary to see this happens. If there will be a drop on the demand of the junk food because healthy eating habits, restaurant like McDonald will have no choice but to reduce their production level (Schlosser, 2012). Secondly, the government is aware of the threat that comes with uncontrolled eating of the junk food, if they have noticed that fast food restaurant is posing a dangerous precedent in supplying too much unhealthy food to the people, they have the right to control the production or close all the restaurants that provides such foodstuffs. This will be in efforts to control the effect of obesity that is becoming a health problem in most of the nation’s today, this has not happened why? There is no connection in responsibility whatsoever with the fast food restaurant. If anything, then companies that make cigarettes and other tobacco products do pose acute health problems than the fast food restaurants. There should be a comparative analysis before any kind of responsibility is apportioned to the fast food restaurants, if in other companies, there is a warning sign to the consumers informing them of dangers associated with the product, but still there are a number of people who consumes too much of the product that results into their deteriorating health. This means that when one is obsessed with something it is difficult to convince them to opt otherwise, this is the case with junk food, they are

Leading, Managing and Developing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leading, Managing and Developing People - Essay Example In ensuring that leaders achieve motivation of employees, some of them use some theories that help them to understand and choose the best way to treat their employees so that they can perform well. Through moderation of the working environment, leaders achieve active participation and engagement of employees, and this improves their chances of being productive and improving the performance of the organisation in which they work. There are various ways that help leaders motivate employees until they become actively engaged in performance of duties they have in organisation and can willingly contribute to the business (Lengnick-Hall, 2011, p. 245-247). In many circumstances, organisations experiences some changes which require employees to adapt so that they remain relevant in the production system and that the organisation in which they are working may continue to be productive and profitable. This means that leaders in organisations need to have their employees equipped with relevant information that will keep them focused on accomplishment of their goals in the company. The theories of improving engagement in an organisation require influence in the behaviour, improvement of the capacity, the collective environment of working and improvement of relationships among various individuals (Lengnick-Hall, Beck). In order to attain motivation of employees and cause them to be engaged in the operation of the company in which they work, the leaders should seek to understand the behaviour patterns of the employees (Collinson, 2005, p. 1421). This is because the way employees are influenced by the environment of the company operations, in the same way; it affects the company’s operations in the course of business. This means that to achieve actively engaged employees leaders will need to establish an environment that will ensure freedom of expression of ideas and feelings of the company. Influencing the behaviour systems of the employees, leaders should focus on i mplementing strategies that will conform to the behaviour systems and contribute to the success of the company in different situations. This implies that all employees will have their own perspectives represented in the course of doing business, and they will have the freedom they need to present ideas to the leaders as well engaging actively in creative activities in the company (Collinson, 2005, p. 1421-1422). The understanding of the personalities of the employees will help leaders to choose the right method to motivate them so that they can engage themselves in the company business. For instance, understanding the way employees could respond to various issue in the society could help the leaders to implement their plans of motivation. According to McGregor theory X and Y (Green, Wu, Whitten and Medlin, 2006, p. 577), there are two perspectives of looking at the employees in an organisation i.e. as inherently lazy and needing a form of pressure to perform their duties, or as a se lf motivated and needing little or no pressure so that they can perform. Using McGregor’s theory X and Y would help leaders to treat employees in ways that they are conscious of things they ought to do and those that they could not work for them. This ensures that leaders will be able to choose the right way of motivating the employees through punishment or by giving rewards that